Table 1.
Series of skull base chordoma patients with surgical pathway recurrence.
| Author | Primary site | No. pts with surgical pathway recurrence | Surgical approach | Postoperative radiotherapy | Surgical pathway recurrence site | Median time to recurrence (months) | Treatment at recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austin et al.9 | CS | 2/141 (1.4%)a | NA | Protons/photons | 2 Neck | NA | NA |
| Fagundes et al.10 | SB and CS | All: 3/204 (1.4%) SB: 2/153 (1.3%) CS: 1/51 (2.0%) |
NA | Protons/photons | 1 Hard palate; 1 Nasal cavity; 1 Neck |
NA | Surgery, EBRT |
| Krengli et al.20 | SB | 8/203 (3.9%) | Sublabial-transseptal-transsphenoidal; Transmaxillary; Transoral; Fronto-temporal craniotomy; Infratemporal-transcervical |
Protons/photons | 3 Nasal cavity; 1 Infratemporal fossa; 1 Palate; 1 Skin (cervical scar); 1 Two sites (palate, fronto-temporal craniotomy); 1 Four sites (nasal septum, right and left craniotomies, subcutaneous tissue in maxillary region) |
25 (range, 14–58) | Surgery, chemo, RT |
| Fischbein et al.11 | SB | 3/70 (4.3%) | Transsphenoethmoidal; Sublabial-transsphenoidal; Transoral |
Protons | 1 Nasal incision site; 1 Nasal septum; 1 Ethmoid |
32 (range 24–42) | Surgery, IORT, RT |
| Arnautovic et al.12 | SB and CS | 6/82 (7.3%) | Transmaxillary; Transnasal; Transnasal; Cervical; Transoral; Transpetrosal |
Protons/photons in 5/6 pts | 1 Maxillary sinus; 1 Nasal cavity; 1 Septum/maxilla; 1 Neck soft tissue; 1 Abdominal wound; 1 Petrous apex; Retroauricolar area; tentorium |
12.5 (range, 5–15) | NA |
| Kinoshita et al.13 | SB | 1, case report | Fronto-temporal craniotomy | NA | Craniotomy site; meningeal spread | 7 | Surgery |
| Van Lierop et al.14 | SB | 1, case report | Transoral-transpalatal | Yes | Hard–soft palate | 24 | Surgery |
| Boyette et al.15 | SB | 1, case report | Transoral; transcondilar with C-shape retroauricolar incision | NA | Parotid region | 48 | Surgery |
| Zener et al.16 | SB | 1, case report | Transcervical, transoral, transparotid and endoscopic intranasal exposure | Yes | Neck (cervical incision) | 54 | Surgery |
| Zemmoura et al.17 | SB | 1, case report | Sublabial-transnasal-transseptal | Yes | Maxillary bone | 31 | Surgery |
| Hines et al.18 | SB | 1, case report | Transnasal-transseptal | Gamma-knife | Nasal cavity | 24 | Na |
| Iloreta et al.19 | SB and CS | 1, case report | Endoscopic nasal and trans cervical | Protons | Neck (cervical incision) | 72 | Surgery |
| Vogin et al.21 | SB and CS | All: 5/371 (1.3%) SB: 5/310 (1.6%) CS: 0/61 |
Transnasal-left temporal-left cervical; Transpalatine-transmaxillary-left temporal Rhinoseptal Trans-latero nasal and temporo-zygomatic |
Protons/photons | 2 Philtrum 1 Ethmoid 1 Nasal septum 1 Pterional and left temporal muscle |
57 | Surgery, protons |
Abbreviations: pts: patients; SB: skull base; CS: cervical spine; NA: not available; chemo: chemotherapy; EBRT: external beam radiotherapy; IORT: intraoperative radiotherapy.
a
2 chordoma recurrences in 141 cases of chordoma and chondrosarcoma.