Table 3.
Physiological noise estimation and reduction in fNIRS measured signal.
| References | Cortex | Subjects | Task | Methodology | S-D separation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince et al., 2003 | motor | 5 | Hand tapping/Rest | Stochastic model with extended Kalman filter | >2 cm |
| Zhang et al., 2007 | Five layer slab model | Simulated data | Block design paradigm | Multi-separation probe configuration and Monte Carlo | 1.5~4.5 cm |
| Abdelnour and Huppert, 2009 | Motor | 3 | Finger tapping | GLM with Kalman estimator | 3.1 cm |
| Zhang et al., 2011b | Five layer slab model | Simulated data | Block design paradigm | Multi-distance approach with empirical mode decomposition | 0.1 cm |
| Zhang et al., 2012 | Five layer slab model | Simulated data | Block design paradigm | Recursive least square estimation (RLSE) filtering | 0.15~4.5 cm |
| Yamada et al., 2012 | Primary motor | 7 | Finger tapping | Negative and positive correlation | 1~4 cm |
| Frederick et al., 2012 | Right frontal lobe | 6 | Resting state | Voxel-specific time delay | 0.1 and 3 cm |
| Kamran and Hong, 2014 | Motor | 6 | Finger tapping | ARMAX | ~ 2.5 cm |
| Erdogan et al., 2014 | Pre-frontal | 18 | Mental arithmetic | Extended superficial signal regression method. | 2.5 cm |
| Kirilina et al., 2013 | Frontal lobe | 15 | German words recognition | Time-domain fNIRS with wavelet coherence analysis. | 3 cm |
| Bauernfeind et al., 2014 | Motor cortex | 12 | Cue-based right hand (RH) and both feet (FE) motor execution | A common reference method, ICA and transfer function models | 3 cm |
| Zhang et al., 2013 | Five layer slab model | Simulated data | Epoch block | Multi-distance probe configuration and ICA | 0.5 and 4.5 cm |
| Barker et al., 2013 | Pre-frontal | 22 | Resting state | Regression analysis using GLM | – |
| Tong et al., 2013 | Middle hand and left Big toe | 7 | Resting state | Group ICA | 1.5 cm |
| Santosa et al., 2013 | Pre-frontal | 8 | Arithmetic task | ICA with pre-defined regressors | 2.2, 2.5, and 4.3 cm |
| Scarpa et al., 2013 | Motor | 10 | Key pressing with left or right index finger | Reference channel based noise removal | 1.5 and 3 cm |
| Kirilina et al., 2012 | Pre-frontal | 15 | Semantic Continuous performance task | Concurrent fNIRS and fMRI with Bio-signals | 3 cm |
| Cooper et al., 2012 | Frontal and temporal lobe | 7 | Resting state | Variance of residues in GLM for concurrent fNIRS and fMRI | 1 and~ 3cm |
| Hu et al., 2010 | Motor | 5 | Finger tapping | Kalman filters and GLM | 2 cm |
| Scarpa et al., 2010 | Parieto-occipital | 13 | Visual graphics | Bayesian filtering | 3 cm |
| Katura et al., 2008 | Sensrimotor | 30 | Finger tapping | ICA | 3 cm |
| Saager and Berger, 2008 | Left pre-frontal | 21 | Resting state | Multi-detector CW-fNIRS | 3.3 cm |
| Zhang et al., 2005 | Sensrimotor | 10 | Finger movement task | Eigen vector based spatial filtering | > 3 cm |
| Cui et al., 2010 | Motor | 10 | Finger tapping with head motion | Maximization of negative correlation | |
| Haeussinger et al., 2011 | Frontal | 24 | Working memory | Identification of channels with major extra-cranial signal contributions |