DMF and MMF modulate mitochondrial OCR in an Nrf2-dependent manner. A, Mitochondrial OCR in wild-type MEFs after incubation with DMF or MMF at 20 μm for 4 h (C) or 24 h. B, Mitochondrial OCR in Nrf2-KO MEFs after incubation with DMF or MMF at 20 μm for 4 h or 24 h (D). Bars represent the mean ± SEM of the OCR expressed in picomoles per minute per 2000 cells. *p < 0.05 compared with vehicle controls. Each experiment was performed three times and consisted of six samples per group. Basal Resp, Basal respiration; ATP synth, ATP synthesis; Max Resp, maximum respiration; Spare Cap, spare capacity; Non-Mito. Resp, non-mitochondrial respiration.