Table 1. Fermentation characteristics of recombinant strains.

Strain	Description	Fermentation time (h)	Cell density (OD600)	Consumed glucose (g/L)	Products (g/L)				Productivity of acetoin (g/(L·h))	Yield of acetoin (g/g glucose)
					Ethanol	Glycerol	2,3-BDO	Acetoin
Batch flask fermentation in SC-His medium
JHY605-C	adh1-5Δgpd1Δgpd2Δ [EV]	96	6.89 ± 1.07	31.6 ± 4.64	3.8 ± 0.12	0.01 ± 0.00	1.37 ± 0.10	0.13 ± 0.02	0.001 ± 0.000	0.004 ± 0.000
JHY605-SD	adh1-5Δgpd1Δgpd2Δ [SD]	72	11.29 ± 0.15	51.5 ± 0.16	1.14 ± 0.12	0.02 ± 0.00	9.30 ± 0.14	5.87 ± 0.84	0.082 ± 0.012	0.114 ± 0.016
JHY617-SD	adh1-5Δgpd1Δgpd2Δbdh1Δ [SD]	72	12.42 ± 0.50	51.1 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.06	0.01 ± 0.00	0.18 ± 0.16	15.43 ± 0.49	0.214 ± 0.007	0.302 ± 0.007
JHY617-SDN	adh1-5Δgpd1Δgpd2Δbdh1Δ [SDN]	48	10.76 ± 0.20	51.5 ± 0.04	0.58 ± 0.13	0.01 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.01	20.13 ± 1.02	0.419 ± 0.021	0.391 ± 0.020
Fed-batch fermentation in YPD medium
JHY617-SDN	adh1-5Δgpd1Δgpd2Δbdh1Δ [SDN]	55	28.25	227.7	0.40	0.34	0.39	100.08	1.820	0.439