Fig. 2.
The NFAT inhibitor VIVIT blocks the induction of MyHC-slow during muscle regeneration. (A–C) VIVIT blocks the activity of the NFAT-dependent reporters DSCR1/MCIP1-NFAT (A) and IL-4-NFAT (B) and of the MyHC-slow promoter linked to luciferase (C). DSCR1/MCIP1-NFAT luciferase activity is also inhibited by the Cn inhibitor cain/cabin1 (A). Plasmid containing the NFAT-dependent reporters or the MyHC-slow promoter linked to luciferase were cotransfected with VIVIT-GFP or GFP alone in regenerating soleus muscle and luciferase activity was measured 7 days later in tissue homogenates. Data are mean ± SEM (A, n = 5; B, n = 4; C, n = 4). *, Significant difference from control soleus (P < 0.05). Luciferase activity is expressed as the percentage of that measured in control soleus. (D–F) VIVIT blocks the induction of MyHC-slow in regenerating soleus muscle. Sections of regenerating soleus muscle transfected with a plasmid coding for the VIVIT-GFP fusion protein and stained with a monoclonal antibody specific for MyHC-slow. Note that fibers expressing VIVIT-GFP (D) do not stain for MyHC-slow unlike most of the surrounding untransfected fibers (E and F). (Bar = 50 μm.)