MyD88 and TLR4 deficiency reduces the extent of aortic atherosclerosis. (A) Aortas of Apoe–/–/MyD88–/–, Apoe–/–/MyD88+/–, and Apoe–/–/MyD88+/+ mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 6 months were isolated and stained for lipid deposition with Oil red O. Representative specimens from the three groups are shown. (B) Quantification of plaque areas in whole aortas in Apoe–/–/MyD88–/– (Left) and Apoe–/–/TLR4–/– (Right) mice. Aortas of Apoe–/–/MyD88–/–, Apoe–/–/MyD88+/–, Apoe–/–/MyD88+/+, Apoe–/–/TLR4–/–, and Apoe–/–/TLR4+/+ mice stained for lipid deposition with Oil red O. Means and SD (n = 13 for Apoe–/–/MyD88–/–, Apoe–/–/MyD88+/–, Apoe–/–/MyD88+/+; n = 8 for Apoe–/–/TLR4+/+; and n = 12 for Apoe–/–/TLR4–/–) of plaque areas are shown. Total plaque area in MyD88–/– or TLR4–/– was significantly reduced compared with corresponding wild-type mice (*, P < 0.01).