Table 3.
Relative expression of genes related to immunity of intestinal mucosa in colonic tissue.
| Parametera | Animal experimentation groups | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Strain ΔBalat_1410 | Strain Balat_1410 | Strain Balat_1410S89L | |||
| Cytokines | TNFα | 8.93 ± 5.42 | 8.64 ± 3.14 | 10.48 ± 3.99 | 7.57 ± 1.89 | 0.752 |
| IL-10 | 3.85 ± 1.68b | 3.85 ± 1.63b | 2.19 ± 0.72a,b | 1.75 ± 0.26a | 0.041 | |
| IL-17 | 0.93 ± 0.29 | 0.86 ± 0.29 | 0.76 ± 0.23 | 0.83 ± 0.26 | 0.662 | |
| IL-1β | 10.98 ± 7.12a | 11.88 ± 2.89a | 28.94 ± 7.36b | 22.98 ± 3.94b | 0.001 | |
| IL-6 | 10.61 ± 8.42 | 11.88 ± 7.14 | 12.98 ± 6.62 | 15.27 ± 2.80 | 0.800 | |
| IL-12 | 0.91 ± 0.41 | 1.39 ± 1.00 | 1.52 ± 0.63 | 0.93 ± 0.28 | 0.168 | |
| TGFβ | 2.30 ± 0.98 | 3.19 ± 2.30 | 1.96 ± 1.12 | 1.03 ± 0.75 | 0.309 | |
| IFNγ | 0.77 ± 0.69a | 2.07 ± 1.72b | 2.44 ± 0.94b | 2.57 ± 0.95b | 0.029 | |
| Chemokines | iCAM-1 | 1.91 ± 0.35 | 1.81 ± 0.93 | 1.48 ± 0.81 | 1.52 ± 0.38 | 0.552 |
| Mcp1 | 5.12 ± 1.28a | 4.93 ± 2.74a | 11.41 ± 5.08b | 4.39 ± 1.87a | 0.001 | |
| Tight junctions | Occludin | 0.66 ± 0.22 | 0.45 ± 0.22 | 0.62 ± 0.22 | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.106 |
| ZO-1 | 0.69 ± 0.26 | 0.50 ± 0.24 | 0.60 ± 0.27 | 0.48 ± 0.21 | 0.314 | |
| Secretory protein | TFF3 | 1.54 ± 0.56a | 2.41 ± 1.15a | 3.67 ± 1.29b | 1.76 ± 0.37a | 0.002 |
| Mucins | Muc1 | 2.92 ± 1.40 | 3.99 ± 2.00 | 6.11 ± 3.23 | 4.52 ± 2.42 | 0.148 |
| Muc2 | 0.63 ± 0.38 | 0.42 ± 0.21 | 0.49 ± 0.29 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.436 | |
| Muc3 | 0.88 ± 0.32 | 1.24 ± 0.66 | 1.69 ± 1.00 | 1.64 ± 1.09 | 0.158 | |
| Enzymes | Mmp9 | 2.52 ± 0.74 | 3.31 ± 1.60 | 2.13 ± 0.90 | 2.78 ± 1.25 | 0.342 |
| INOS | 3.37 ± 2.46 | 6.52 ± 3.94 | 10.08 ± 8.63 | 5.06 ± 1.97 | 0.096 | |
Values in each DSS-colitic group were referred to the average of those obtained in the control (no-colitic, value = 1) one. P-values from one-way ANOVA tests carried out among four groups; those values within the same row that do not share a common letter are statistically different according to the mean comparison LSD (p < 0.05).
IL-, interleukin-; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; IFNγ, interferon γ; MUC-, mucin-; TFF-3, trefoil factor 3; ZO-1, zonula occludens 1; MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule.
The statistical differences among the four bifidobacterial groups are denoted with different letters (p < 0.05).
Bold values underlines statistical differences according to one-way ANOVA test.