FIG. 5.

Tungsten-enhanced adipogenesis is influenced by sex and age of mice. A, Tungsten concentration in humeri bones measured by ICP-MS. Graph shows the mean ± SEM tungsten concentration in humeri bones in young (5 weeks) male and female, and adult (9 months) male and female mice, given tap water or 15 ppm in drinking water for 4 weeks (n ≥ 4). ***P ≤.001 1-way ANOVA. B, Analysis of perilipin staining by IHC in sections of femur bone tissue from control and tungsten-exposed animals (young male and female; middle-aged male and female mice). Graphs show the mean number of perilipin⁺ adipocytes/animal, average size of each adipocyte/animal, and the total perilipin⁺ adipocyte area/animal (n ≥ 7). Representative images of perilipin⁺ adipocytes in control and tungsten-exposed femur sections, 20×. *P ≤ .05 unpaired student t test, 1-tailed comparisons between control and tungsten-exposed animals per group.