Table 3.
Trends in prevalence (%) of elevated blood pressure and high blood pressure among US children and adolescents aged 8–17 years, NHANES 1999–2012
| 1999–2002 | 2003–2008 | 2009–2012 | Absolute change b | P value for trend c | P value for trend d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elevated BP a | ||||||
| Total | 12.4(0.8) | 12.2(0.9) | 9.6(0.8) | −2.8 | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 8–12 years | 6.9(1.0) | 8.1(1.1) | 5.3(0.7) | −1.6 | 0.162 | 0.106 |
| 13–17 years | 17.7(1.0) | 15.9(1.1) | 13.6(1.3) | −4.1 | 0.017 | 0.003 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 16.0(1.1) | 15.2(1.2) | 12.9(1.3) | −3.1 | 0.020 | 0.006 |
| Girls | 8.6(1.1) | 9.1(0.9) | 6.5(0.9) | −2.1 | 0.139 | 0.076 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 11.6(1.1) | 12.5(1.2) | 8.4(1.1) | −3.2 | 0.042 | 0.011 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 14.5(1.2) | 14.3(0.9) | 13.8(1.1) | −0.7 | 0.344 | 0.144 |
| Hispanic | 12.5(1.4) | 10.9(1.0) | 10.4(1.5) | −2.1 | 0.260 | 0.190 |
| Other races | 14.6(3.1) | 8.0(1.9) | 8.8(2.1) | −5.8 | 0.128 | 0.180 |
| HBP | ||||||
| Total | 2.9(0.3) | 2.9(0.4) | 1.6(0.3) | −1.3 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 8–12 years | 2.8(0.5) | 3.6(0.6) | 1.2(0.4) | −1.6 | 0.018 | 0.012 |
| 13–17 years | 3.0(0.4) | 2.4(0.4) | 1.9(0.5) | −1.1 | 0.099 | 0.065 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 3.2(0.4) | 2.9(0.5) | 1.8(0.5) | −1.4 | 0.045 | 0.028 |
| Girls | 2.6(0.5) | 3.0(0.6) | 1.4(0.2) | −1.2 | 0.028 | 0.019 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2.4(0.4) | 3.3(0.6) | 1.3(0.4) | −1.1 | 0.116 | 0.085 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.5(0.5) | 3.0(0.4) | 2.9(0.5) | 0.4 | 0.589 | 0.851 |
| Hispanic | 4.4(0.8) | 2.3(0.5) | 1.7(0.5) | −2.7 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Other races | 4.7(2.4) | 1.0(0.7) | 0.9(0.4) | −3.8 | 0.024 | 0.039 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HBP, high blood pressure.
a Including pre-HBP and HBP. b Prevalence in 2009–2012 minus that in 1999–2002. c Adjusted for sex, age and race/ethnicity. d Adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and BMI-Z value.