Table 4.

Influencing factors for elevated blood pressure and high blood pressure among US children and adolescents aged 8–17 years, NHANES 1999–2012

	OR a	95% CI a	P value a	P value b
Elevated BP (vs. normal BP)
Survey period
1999–2002	1
2003–2008	0.97	0.78–1.22	0.805	0.619
2009–2012	0.74	0.59–0.94	0.012	0.002
Age group
8–12 years	1
13–17 years	2.62	2.19–3.14	<0.001	<0.001
Sex
Boys	1
Girls	0.50	0.42–0.59	<0.001	<0.001
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1
Non-Hispanic Black	1.39	1.18–1.63	<0.001	0.025
Hispanic	1.08	0.89–1.33	0.428	0.561
Other races	0.96	0.71–1.30	0.800	0.845
HBP (vs. normal BP)
Survey period
1999–2002	1
2003–2008	1.01	0.69–1.47	0.973	0.868
2009–2012	0.52	0.34–0.80	0.003	<0.001
Age group
8–12 years	1
13–17 years	1.08	0.79–1.47	0.645	0.499
Sex
Boys	1
Girls	0.83	0.62–1.12	0.227	0.221
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1
Non-Hispanic Black	1.26	0.90–1.77	0.185	0.774
Hispanic	1.23	0.83–1.82	0.310	0.784
Other races	0.90	0.39–2.08	0.798	0.759

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HBP, high blood pressure.

^a Adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity. ^b Adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and BMI-Z value.