Table 5.
Trends in anthropometric and dietary factors among US children and adolescents aged 8–17 years, NHANES 1999–2012
| 1999–2002 | 2003–2008 | 2009–2012 | Absolute increase a | P value for trend b | P value for trend c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric variables | ||||||
| BMI category, % (SE) | ||||||
| Overweight, ≥85th – <95th | 15.4(0.7) | 17.0(0.8) | 16.7(0.8) | 1.3 | 0.241 | |
| Obese, ≥95th | 17.1(1.0) | 19.6(1.0) | 20.3(0.7) | 3.2 | 0.015 | |
| WC ≥ 90th, % (SE) | 17.9(1.0) | 20.6(0.9) | 19.9(0.9) | 2.0 | 0.149 | |
| Dietary intakes, mean (SE) | ||||||
| Sodium (mg) | 3,297.4(52.4) | 3,371.2(33.6) | 3,353.6(54.7) | 56.2 | 0.419 | 0.384 |
| Potassium (mg) | 2,280(42.1) | 2,198.8(26.1) | 2,247.8(26.2) | −32.2 | 0.195 | 0.199 |
| Energy (kcal) | 2,136.9(26.8) | 2,131.7(16.9) | 2,052.9(22.7) | −84.0 | 0.021 | 0.028 |
| Protein (g) | 72.4(0.9) | 74.7(0.8) | 73(1.0) | 0.6 | 0.115 | 0.109 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 291.1(4.4) | 282.6(2.5) | 273.6(2.9) | −17.5 | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Total fat (g) | 78(1.0) | 80.3(0.8) | 76.3(1.2) | −1.7 | 0.017 | 0.018 |
| Total saturated fatty acids (g) | 27.3(0.4) | 27.8(0.3) | 25.9(0.4) | −1.4 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Total monounsaturated fatty acids (g) | 29.9(0.4) | 29.8(0.3) | 26.9(0.4) | −3.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) | 14.8(0.3) | 16.0(0.2) | 17.0(0.3) | 2.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (g) | 243.1(4) | 248(3.7) | 234.7(4.9) | −8.4 | 0.092 | 0.104 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 12.9(0.2) | 13.4(0.2) | 14.5(0.2) | 1.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Caffeine (g) | 42.2(3) | 37.5(1.9) | 33.5(3.2) | −8.7 | 0.119 | 0.111 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.
a Data in 2009–2012 minus those in 1999–2002. b Adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity. c Adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and BMI-Z value.