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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2015 Dec 31;131:60–79. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.12.009

Table 2.

Tick pheromones and chemical components that elicit attractive or aggregative behavioral responses.

Pheromone Attractive
components		 Tick speciesa Reference Formula Structure
Tick attraction–aggregation–attachment
  pheromone		 O-Nitrophenol A. hebraeum
A. variegatum 		[49,50,51,52] C6H5NO3 graphic file with name nihms777003t15.jpg
Methyl salicylate A. hebraeum
A. variegatum 		[49,50,51,52] C8H8O3 graphic file with name nihms777003t16.jpg
Nonanoic acid A. variegatum [49,52] C9H18O2 graphic file with name nihms777003t17.jpg
Tick assembly pheromone Adenine I. scapularis
I. uriae 		[54,62] C5H5N5 graphic file with name nihms777003t18.jpg
Guanine I. ricinus
I. scapularis
I. uriae 		[54,58,62] C5H5N5O graphic file with name nihms777003t19.jpg
Hematin I. ricinus [54,58] C34H33N4O5Fe graphic file with name nihms777003t20.jpg
Uric acid I. ricinus
I. uriae 		[54,58] C5H4N4O3 graphic file with name nihms777003t21.jpg
Xanthine I. ricinus
I. scapularis
I. uriae 		[54,58,62] C5H4N4O2 graphic file with name nihms777003t22.jpg
Tick sex pheromone 2,6-Dichlorophenol A. nitens
A. americanum
A. cajennense
A. hebraeum
A. variegatum
D. andersoni
D. variabilis
H. anatolicum
H. dromedarii
R. appendiculatus
R. microplus 		[9,26,38,85,86,87,88,89,90,91], C6H3Cl2OH graphic file with name nihms777003t23.jpg
a

Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma variegatum, Anocentor (Dermacentor) nitens, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes uriae, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.