(A) Representative image of an α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) stained section of human normal skin, HTS, and transplanted xenografts at all time points showing a positive brown staining, indicating the presence of myofibroblasts throughout the dermis consistent with HTS. Normal human dermis stains positive only around blood vessels. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Fold changes in α-SMA–expressing cells, measured in five randomly selected site/field. No scratch grafts (circle), scratch before grafting (square), and scratch after grafting (triangle). #p < 0.05 compared between the scratch before grafting and no scratch group in the same time point. *p < 0.05 compared between the scratch after grafting and no scratch group in the same time (n = 4). To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/wound