TABLE 1.
Comparison of the LLO structures in the three domains of life
| Eubacteria |
Archaea |
Eukaryota |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proteobacteria |
Euryarchaeota |
Crenarchaeota |
Ascomycota |
|||||||
| C. jejuni | H. volcanii | A. fulgidus | P. furiosus | M. voltae | S. solfataricus | P. calidifontis | S. cerevisiae | |||
| Number of phosphates | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| LLO type | Aa | L | S | L | ||||||
| Number of sugars | 7 | 4b | 7c | 7 | 7 | 3 | 6d | 10 | 14 | |
| Linking sugar | Bac(NAc)2e | Hex | Glc | Hex | GalNAc | GlcNAc | GlcNAc | Hex(NAc)2 | GlcNAc | |
| Lipid carrier | Polyprenol | Dolichol | Dolichol | Dolichol | Dolichol | Dolichol | Dolichol | Dolichol | ||
| LLO type | A | B | ||||||||
| Lipid length | C-55 | C-55/60 | C-55/60 | C-60 | NDf | C-45 | C-30 | C-50 | C-70–C-110 | |
| Number of saturation | 0 | 2 | 3–5 | 1–5 | ND | 5 | 3–5 | 4–5 | 1 | |
| Reference | Refs. 2 and 20 | Refs. 9 and 44 | This study | This study and Ref. 19 | Refs. 22 | This study | This study | Refs. 20 and 26 | ||
a Three different N-glycan backbone structures were reported in the S-layer protein of H. volcanii (45). Here we call them type A, type B, and type C, from the N terminus. The LLO in this table is the oligosaccharide donor for the type A N-glycan.
b The number of monosaccharide residues in the N-glycan on the S-layer glycoprotein is 5, because of the post-transfer addition of a mannose residue.
c The number of monosaccharide residues in the LLO-L is 8, as determined in the previous NMR study (24). The glucose supplementation of the culture medium for isotope labeling increased the number of monosaccharide residues.
d The number of monosaccharide residues in the N-glycan on glycoproteins is 7 (33), because of the post-transfer addition of a hexose residue.
e Bac(NAc)2, di-N-acetyl bacillosamine.
f ND, not determined.