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Schematic representation of signaling events leading to CCL2 accumulation in FXYD5-expressing cells. 1, LPS binding to TLR4 receptor triggers NF-κB activation. 2, NF-κB nuclear translocation induces transcription and secretion of CCL2 and TNFα. 3, FXYD5 promotes the expression of the TNFR1 at the plasma membrane. 4, TNFα binds to surface TNFR1 generating an autocrine loop leading to prolonged CCL2 secretion.
