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. 2016 May 20;23(4):402–409. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000257

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Constitutive CBM signaling in B- and T-cell malignancies. Underlying mechanisms include (a) mutations in CD79A or CD79B and CARMA1/CARD11, and self-antigen recognition, (b) self-antigen recognition or mutations upstream of BTK, (c) germline mutations in CARMA1, (d) generation of a MALT1-API2 fusion protein that activates the classical (NF-κB1) and nonclassical (NF-κB2) pathway, (e, f) gain-of function mutations in PLCγ1, PKCβ, or CARMA1, and in frame mutations of the T-cell co-receptor CD28 with ICOS or CTLA-4. In all figure panels, recurrent mutations are indicated with a yellow star. ABC, activated B-cell; ATLL, acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; BENTA, B-cell expansion with NF-κB and T-cell anergy; BCR, B-cell receptor; CBM, CARMA1/BCL10/MALT1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ICOS, inducible costimulator; MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MCL, mantle cell lymphomas; PKC, protein kinase C; TCR, T-cell receptor.