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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 9.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatol Int. 2013 Dec 27;8(Suppl 2):408–412. doi: 10.1007/s12072-013-9489-1

Figure 1.

Figure 1

This schematic diagram depicts that alcohol and HCV interact to render synergistic effects on the evolution of alcoholic liver disease that is governed by gene-environment interactions (dotted arrows and solid black lines). TLR4 mediates promotion of liver inflammation and cancer as depicted by red arrows and alcohol and HCV facilitate these TLR4-dependent mechanisms as shown by blue arrows.