Table 3. Factors associated with RDT positivity in Nchelenge District, 2012–2015.
| Factors | Univariate | Multivariable |
|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
| Fixed Effects | ||
| Individual Level Factors | ||
| Female | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.11) |
| Age Category | ||
| 0 to 4 years | 3.44 (2.76, 4.28) | 3.39 (2.24, 5.13) |
| 5 to 17 years | 6.01 (4.90, 7.36) | 8.83 (6.13, 12.71) |
| Older than 18 years | REFERENCE | REFERENCE |
| Symptoms (fever with headache or chills) | 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) | 0.85 (0.47, 1.53) |
| Age symptoms interaction° | 1.24 (1.00, 1.55) | 1.49 (1.11, 2.00) |
| Sought care for malaria past 6 months | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) |
| Taken antimalarials past 4 weeks | 1.37 (1.13, 1.67) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) |
| Use ITN night before | 0.38 (0.32, 0.46) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) |
| Household and Environmental Level Factors | ||
| Water source: open well | 1.23 (0.96, 1.56) | 1.00 (0.73, 1.38) |
| IRS, ever | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.44) |
| Elevation (per 10 m) | 0.94 (0.88, 0.99) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) |
| Degree of slope | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | - |
| Distance to nearest road* | 0.34 (0.14, 0.53) | 1.49 (1.19, 1.85) |
| Within 3 km of Lake Mweru | 0.76 (0.60, 0.96) | 1.12 (0.63, 1.98) |
| Number of structures within 500 m (per 25 structures) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) |
| Rainy season | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 1.14 (0.86, 1.51) |
| NDVI value ≥ 0.5 | 1.36 (1.08, 1.72) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.47) |
| Distance to category 1 stream* | 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) |
| Distance to category 2 stream* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) |
| Distance to category 3 stream* | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) |
| Random Effects | ||
| Household random effect | - | 0.85 (0.22) |
* Per 250 meters
° Interaction term between age and symptoms. So, for each increase in age category, there is a reduced reporting of symptoms.