Table 3. Factors associated with non-uptake of HIV testing in children perceived at risk of HIV. Univariable mixed-effect logistic regressiona.
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P-Value b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child-related factors | ||||
| Child often sick | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.51 | 0.000 |
| Orphan | 1.73 | 0.79 | 3.40 | 0.171 |
| Caregiver-related individual factors | ||||
| Caregiver female | 0.71 | 0.27 | 1.82 | 0.472 |
| Caregiver age | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.608 |
| More than seven years of school | 0.45 | 0.18 | 1.14 | 0.091 |
| Widowed or divorced | 0.34 | 0.07 | 1.64 | 0.182 |
| No ownership of assets | 5.00 | 1.26 | 19.83 | 0.022 |
| Cannot decide over income | 1.34 | 0.78 | 2.32 | 0.291 |
| Impaired health c | 1.52 | 0.98 | 2.36 | 0.060 |
| Fears HIV-related stigma c | 1.39 | 1.10 | 1.75 | 0.006 |
| Household-level factors | ||||
| Food insecurity c | 1.46 | 0.94 | 2.27 | 0.091 |
| Household poorer than neighbours c | 1.37 | 0.92 | 2.05 | 0.056 |
| Tolerance of violence score c | 1.61 | 1.10 | 2.37 | 0.015 |
| Conflict in couple/family c | 1.61 | 1.17 | 2.22 | 0.004 |
| Neighbourhood-level factors | ||||
| Low social cohesion, household and neighbours c | 1.53 | 1.02 | 2.30 | 0.039 |
| Stigmatized HIV+ children in neighbourhood c | 1.60 | 1.11 | 2.32 | 0.012 |
a A random effect was integrated for the place of residence of the respondent.
b P-values <0.05 are represented in bold
c measures unit increase of score 1–5