Fig 2. Levels of worker attraction to honey bee queens varied during retinue response bioassays depending on the age at which a worker larvae are chosen to be raised as queen (i.e., "grafting age," see Methods for details).

Worker retinue size was significantly higher when observation colonies were headed by queens raised from first instar worker larvae (i.e., "high-quality" queens) compared to those headed by queens raised from third instar worker larvae (i.e., "low-quality" queens). The total number of instantaneous sampling points for each queen type (n) is denoted within each bar. Retinue size across both treatments was compared with a matched-pair t-test (* P < 0.0001).