Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics of the 42,930 Study Participants.^*

Characteristic	Value
Median age (IQR) — yr	58 (48–68)
Female sex — no. (%)	25,326 (59.0)
Median body-mass index (IQR)†	31 (27–36)
Current smoker — no. (%)	6,494 (15.1)
Medications — no. (%)
Lipid-lowering	16,156 (37.6)
Antihypertensive	24,812 (57.8)
Hypoglycemic	8,163 (19.0)
Medical history — no. (%)
Coronary artery disease‡	10,552 (24.6)
Type 2 diabetes§	9,946 (23.2)
Hypertension¶	23,700 (55.2)

^*IQR denotes interquartile range.

^†The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.

^‡Participants were considered to have coronary artery disease if they had a history of coronary revascularization in the electronic health records or a history of the acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease, or exertional angina with angiographic evidence of obstructive coronary atherosclerosis (>50% stenosis in at least one major epicardial vessel according to the catheterization report).

^§Participants were considered to have diabetes if they had a history of type 2 diabetes in the electronic health records, were taking an antidiabetic medication, or had a fasting glucose level of more than 126 mg per deciliter (7.0 mmol per liter) or a glycated hemoglobin level of more than 6.5%.

^¶Participants were considered to have hypertension if they had a history of hypertension in the electronic health records, were taking an antihypertensive medication, or had a systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mm Hg.