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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurochem Int. 2016 May 7;97:49–56. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.004

Fig. 1. Cytokines and LPS induce NF-κB-dependent luciferase activity in DI TNC1 astrocytes.

Fig. 1

DI TNC1 astrocytes were stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene driven by the NF-κB promoter. Cells were treated with (A) TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ (10 ng/mL each) or LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h,(B) quercetin (0-10 μM), or (C) rutin, cyanidin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (0 and 100 μM each) for 1 h followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h. Luciferase activity was determined, as described in Methods. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n=3) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (A) or two-way ANOVA (B, C) with Bonferroni post-tests. (A) ***p<0.001 vs. control. (B) *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. LPS alone.