Table 1.

An Overview of Flavonoids: Sources and Functions

Category	Major Dietary Sources	Compounds	Pigment Synthesis	Reference	Reference cell line	Function in melanoma prevention/treatment	Reference
Anthocyanidin	Berries, grapes	Cyanidin	Increase	[103]	Human	Anti-proliferation	[123]
Flavanol	Chocolate, cherry, green tea	EGCG/Epicatechin	Inhibition	[19, 20]		Anti-metastasis, anti- proliferation, apoptosis, immunomodulation	[95, 124, 125]
Flavanone	Citrus fruits	Hesperetin	Increase	[21, 126]	Human, Mouse	No known effect	[8]
		Hesperidin	Inhibition	[18]	Human, Mouse	No report
Flavone	Celery, parsley	Apigenin	Increase	[27, 127]	Mouse	Anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis	[98]
		Luteolin	Inhibition	[23]	Mouse	Anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis	[128, 129]
	Baikal skullcap (medicinal herb)	Baicalein	Inhibition	[22]	Mouse	Anti-proliferation	[48, 130]
Flavonol	Onions, apples, Kale, Leek, broccoli Strawberry	Quercetin	Increase	[25]	Human		[98]
			Increase	[131]	Mouse	Anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis
			Inhibition	[132]	Mouse
		Fisetin	Increase	[7, 133]	Human Mouse	Anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis	[107, 108,134]
		Kaempferol	Inhibition	[26]	Mouse	Anti-proliferation (G2/M arrest)	[102]
Isoflavone	Soybean	Daidzein	No effect	[24]	Mouse, Human	Anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis	[24, 135]
		Genistein	Increase	[24]	Mouse, Human	Anti-proliferation	[135, 136]