Table 3.
Associations between glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and outcome measurements
| Carrier minor allele | Non-carrier minor allele | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9β | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.1 (4.7-5.4) | 5.0 (4.7–5.2) | 0.578 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40.9 (38.4-43.6) | 38.4 (36.7–40.1) | 0.117 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.3 (5.0–5.7) | 5.2 (4.8–5.5) | 0.596 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 0.850 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.4) | 0.919 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.2 (2.9–3.6) | 3.1 (2.9–3.3) | 0.498 |
| Insulin (mE/l) | 6.0 (4.6–7.8) | 7.2 (6.0–8.7) | 0.266 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 0.574 |
| Mean IMT (mm) | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | 0.76 (0.73–0.78) | 0.254 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138.7 (131.2–146.5) | 126.2 (121.5–131.1) | 0.007* |
| Total body fat (%) | 32.6 (30.8–34.3) | 34.3 (33.1–35.2) | 0.114 |
| Trunk fat (%) | 32.3 (30.4–34.3) | 33.2 (31.8–34.5) | 0.471 |
| Extremities fat (%) | 35.8 (34.2–37.5) | 38.1 (36.9–39.2) | 0.340 |
| Leg fat (%) | 34.0 (32.1–36.1) | 35.4 (34.0–36.9) | 0.271 |
| Leptin (pg/ml) | 3374.5 (2289.3–4974.1) | 4213.3 (3206.7–5535.9) | 0.356 |
| Resistin (pg/ml) | 2248.5 (1618.1–3124.4) | 3558.2 (2824.3–4482.8) | 0.020* |
| Adiponectin (pg/ml) | 706.3 (458.1–1089.0) | 1087.9 (802.7–1474.4) | 0.108 |
| PAI-1 (pg/ml) | 1884.7 (1377.2–2392.3) | 2384.8 (2027.4–2742.2) | 0.114 |
| VCAM-1 (pg/ml) | 666.5 (576.5–770.5) | 674.5 609.7–746.2) | 0.888 |
| ICAM-1 (pg/ml) | 253.4 (177.0–362.9) | 304.3 (236.3–391.9) | 0.410 |
| E-selectin (pg/ml) | 46.2 (37.9–54.5) | 42.2 (36.3–48.1) | 0.436 |
| BclI | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | 0.097 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40.6 (38.5–42.8) | 38.1 (36.2–40.0) | 0.089 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.2 (4.9–5.6) | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) | 0.837 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.198 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.4) | 0.969 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4) | 3.2 (2.9–3.4) | 0.879 |
| Insulin (mE/l) | 7.4 (5.9–9.2) | 6.3 (5.1–7.8) | 0.313 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.125 |
| Mean IMT (mm) | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) | 0.73 (0.70–0.76) | 0.048* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.0 (120.2–132.0) | 134.0 (128.3–14.−1) | 0.060 |
| Total body fat (%) | 34.5 (33.0–36.0) | 33.1 (31.7–34.4) | 0.167 |
| Trunk fat (%) | 33.3 (31.7–34.9) | 32.5 (31.0–34.1) | 0.488 |
| Extremities fat (%) | 38.7 (37.3–40.1) | 36.1 (34.8–37.4) | 0.007* |
| Leg fat (%) | 37.5 (35.8–39.1) | 35.0 (33.5–36.5) | 0.029* |
| Leptin (pg/ml) | 4999.0 (3644.6–6856.8) | 3155.8 (2869.8–3470.3) | 0.038* |
| Resistin (pg/ml) | 3630.0 (2738.1–4812.6) | 2625.4 (2016.3–3418.7) | 0.099 |
| Adiponectin (pg/ml) | 1166.8 (811.6–1677.4) | 781.3 (556.1–1097.7) | 0.112 |
| PAI-1 (pg/ml) | 2301.6 (1866.2–2737.1) | 2145.0 (1737.8–2552.2) | 0.602 |
| VCAM-1 (pg/ml) | 726.3 (645.5–817.3) | 627.7 (562.3–700.6) | 0.075 |
| ICAM-1 (pg/ml) | 282.3 (208.5–382.2) | 289.5 (218.1–384.1) | 0.904 |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | 45.2 (38.8–52.7) | 36.1 (31.3–41.7) | 0.037* |
Data are expressed as mean and 95 % confidence intervals
All data are adjusted for age, gender, and BMI
IMT intima media thickness, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, PAI plasminogen activator inhibitor, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule, ICAM intracellular adhesion molecule
* P ANCOVA was used to assess the statistical differences between genotype groups, P < 0.05 (bold)