(A). Effects of increasing concentrations of rapamycin on proliferation of PA-SMCs from control rats or rats 4 weeks after monocrotaline injection (MCT-4wk) under basal conditions and after stimulation with 15% fetal calf serum (FCS); (mean±SE, n=12 at each time point). (B) Effects of treatment with 20 nM and 100 nM rapamycin on Ser 473, p-Akt, p-GSK3, and p-S6K protein levels in cultured PA-SMCs stimulated with 15% FCS for 24 hours. Values are mean±SEM of 12 values. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with values in control rats not given MCT.