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. 2016 Jun 10;6:27786. doi: 10.1038/srep27786

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Striking behavior of the 2008 shark arranged in sequential order in milliseconds (ms). Resting phase, 0 ms; expansive phase, 0–146 ms; compressive phase, 146–785 ms (shooting stage, 146–239 ms; grasping stage, 239–319 ms; holding stage, 319–785 ms); recovery phase, 785–1,397 ms (re-opening stage, 785–1,077 ms; re-closing stage, 1,077–1,397 ms). (b) Lateral view of peak protrusion in the 2008 shark (279 ms in Fig. 1a), and lateral, frontal, and ventral views of peak protrusions in the 2011 shark. “Lateral” and “frontal” views are prey capture behaviors on a bait fish. (c) Skeletal elements related to predatory behavior of the goblin shark. bh, bathyhyal cartilage; cc, chondrocranium; ch, ceratohyal cartilage; hm, hyomandibular cartilage; lj, lower jaw (Meckel’s) cartilage; uj, upper jaw (palatoquadrate) cartilage. (a,b) Photographs are used with permission of NHK, NEP and the Discovery Channel).