Table 3. The association between lifetime LTPA and vertebral cross-sectional area.

	Men				Women
	Unadjusted 1)		Adjusted 2)		Unadjusted 3)		Adjusted 4)
	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)
Lifetime LTPA, clusters
Inactive (ref)
Moderately active	0.775	−0.12 (−0.46; 0.23)	0.673	−0.07 (−0.41; 0.27)	0.730	0.04 (−0.19; 0.27)	0.588	0.06 (−0.17; 0.29)
Active	0.501	0.05 (−0.32; 0.43)	0.460	0.14 (−0.23; 0.52)	0.046*	0.27 (0.004; 0.54)	0.012*	0.34 (0.08; 0.61)

LTPA = Leisure-time physical activity, BMI = Body mass index, β = Beta estimate ([β] = cm²), CI = Confidence interval, Ref = Reference category (i.e. to which the other categories were compared), * = p < 0.05.

Characteristics of the models: 1) Adjusted R² = −0.002, F = 0.523, p = 0.593; 2) Adjusted R² = 0.064, F = 5.460, p = 0.009; 3) Adjusted R² = 0.004, F = 2.322, p = 0.099; 4) Adjusted R² = 0.052, F = 5.576, p < 0.001.

Two regression analyses were run for both genders, one with and one without adjustments for BMI, vertebral height, education years and smoking.