Figure 1. Dynamics of the proliferation recovery of E. coli for different experimental conditions.

Each panel refers to the indicated pair carbon source-knockout and reports the results obtained with our criterion and the experimental data from ref. 9. Legend. AKG: α-ketoglutarate, GLU: glucose, LAC: lactate, MAL: malate, SUC: succinate. Curves represent the results from GRAM (thick and thin lines: average and average ± standard deviation). Red: complete or almost complete recovery (>90%); green: partial recovery (<90%). Gray dots: experimental values. Dashed black line: maximal growth rate (FBA biomass optimization). The SUC-tpi case has not been reported because it is lethal, i.e. a constant zero growth rate for both experiments and model.