Table 4.
Literature review of the investigated inflammation- and fibrosis-associated genes in bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and organizing pneumonia (OP) humans and mice
| References | Pulmonary disease: no. of cases/controls | Materials | Investigated parameters | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | ||||
| Magnan et al. [16] | BO: 6/7 | BAL (TBB) from lung transplant recipients | TGFB1, IL-6, TGFB2 | Immunoassay for cytokine determination Immunohistochemistry |
| Taghavi et al. [19] | BO: 38/34 | BAL (TBB) from lung transplant patients | MMP2, MMP8, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, BAL cell count | ELISA |
| Ramirez et al. [22] | BO: 13/21 | BALF from lung transplant recipients | IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α, TGFB1, fibronectin gene expression, gelatinolytic activity | Multiplex Bead Immunoassay ELISA Gelatin zymography |
| Jonigk et al. [10] | BO: 12/12 | Explanted lung allografts | BMP4, BMPR2, LOX, MMP14, PLAU, CCL5, THBS1, TIMP1, TGFB1, COL3A1, TIMP2, TGFBR2, BMP2, PLA1, EDN1, COL1A2, COL4A1 | RNA microarray (45 target genes) |
| Mouse | ||||
| Majeski et al. [23] | OP: | Reovirus 1/L induction of intraluminal fibrosis | Il-6, Ccl2 | RiboQuant multiprobe ribonuclease protection assay ELISA |
| Phillips et al. [18] | IPF: 3–6 mice for each treatment group (bleomycin/saline) | Bleomycin mouse model | Cxcr4, Cxcl12, Col1, CD45, CD34, α-SMA, Col3 | FACS, ELISA, qRT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry |
| Chen et al. [17] | BO: 4/4 | Heterotopic tracheal transplantation from TIMP-1 null (-/-) mutation and wild-type (TIMP-1 +/+) mice | Βeta-actin, Mmp3, Mmp7, Mmp9, Mmp12, Timp1, Timp2, Timp3, Timp4 | Immunohistochemistry qRT-PCR |
| Xu [24] | BO: 6/6 | Heterotopic tracheal transplantation | Cxcr4 | Immunohistochemistry Immunofluorescence Western blot |
| Vittal et al. [20] | IPF: | Bleomycin mouse model | Tgfb1, FAK (PTK2), PKB/Akt | qRT-PCR Western blot Immunohistochemistry |
| Shi et al. [21] | IPF: | Bleomycin mouse model | Tgfb1, Smad3 | Immunohistochemistry |
Significantly regulated genes are highlighted in italics
ACTB beta-actin, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, BMP bone morphogenetic protein, BMPR bone morphogenetic protein receptor, CCL CC chemokine ligand, CD40LG CD40 ligand, Cxcr4 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, Cxcl12 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, ECP eosinophilic cationic protein, FAK (PTK) focal adhesion kinase (protein tyrosine kinase), FasL Fas ligand, FGF1 fibroblast growth factor 1, FOXP3 forkhead box P3, GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, HLA human leukocyte antigen, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, IP10 interferon gamma-induced protein 10, LTA lymphotoxin-α, LOX lysyl oxidase, MCP1 monocyte chemotactic protein, MIP macrophage inflammatory protein, MIG (CXCL9) monokine induced by gamma interferon, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, MPO myeloperoxidase, NG neutrophilic granulocytes, PDGFB platelet-derived growth factor subunit B, PLAU plasminogen activator (urokinase), RPL13A 60S ribosomal protein L13a, sCD30 soluble CD30, SLPI secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, Smad Sma and Mad-related protein family members, sRAGE soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, TGF transforming growth factor, THBS1 thrombospondin-1, TIMP1 tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1, TNFα tumor necrosis factor, alpha, TNFSF7 TNF ligand superfamily member 7, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, YKL-40 chitinase-like glycoprotein