Table 4.

Baseline levels and median changes in insulin, glucose, IGF1/IGFBP1

Biomarker cohort	Baseline	Median % change after 1st fast	Median % change after 2nd fast	P value
Insulin				0.35*, 0.50**
24 h (n = 4)	6.95 (2.61, 18.55)	−56 % (−88 %, 65 %)	−48 % (−92 %, 242 %)
48 h (n = 6)	4.86 (2.08, 11.38)	−27 % (−77 %, 131 %)	92 % (−57 %, 747 %)
72 h (n = 7)	8.30 (4.15, 16.61)	−42 % (−73 %, 49 %)	−55 % (−85 %, 37 %)
Glucose				0.13*, 0.74**
24 h (n = 4)	95.9 (83.8, 109.7)	3 % (−12 %, 22 %)	13 % (−4 %, 33 %)
48 h (n = 6)	92.2 (82.6, 102.9)	14 % (−1 %, 30 %)	13 % (−4 %, 32 %)
72 h (n = 7)	98.4 (88.9, 109.0)	−3 % (−14 %, 9 %)	−6 % (−18 %, 9 %)
IGF-1 (ng/mL)				0.32*, 0.28**
24 h (n = 4)	242 (185, 315)	−30 % (−44 %, −12 %)	−31 % (−45 %, −13 %)
48 h (n = 5)	177 (139, 225)	−33 % (−45 %, −18 %)	−20 % (−37 %, 1 %)
72 h (n = 5)	163 (128, 207)	−8 % (−24 %, 13 %)	16 % (−5 %, −42 %)
IGFBP1 (ng/mL)				0.09*, 0.61v
24 h (n = 4)	8.9 (5.7, 14)	23 % (−19 %, 87 %)	63 % (7 %, 147 %)
48 h (n = 5)	8.8 (5.9, 13)	10 % (−24 %, 60 %)	5 % (−32 %, 63 %)
72 h (n = 5)	3.8 (2.6, 5.7)	117 % (49 %, 215 %)	74 % (20 %, 153 %)
B-hydroxybutyrate				0.12*, 0.037**
24 h (n = 4)	0.21 (0.13, 0.36)	−16 % (−48 %, 37 %)	−13 % (−47 %, 49 %)
48 h (n = 5)	0.14 (0.09, 0.23)	272 % (140 %, 470 %)	82 % (9 %, 204 %)
72 h (n = 5)	0.12 (0.08, 0.19)	181 % (81 %, 334 %)	24 % (−20 %, 92 %)

These are presented only for self-reported compliant patients, and only for those with pre- and post-fasting samples available, separated by fasting duration cohort. The post-fasting blood draws were taken after 24 h of fasting in the 24 h cohort, and after 48 h of fasting in both the 48 and 72 h cohorts, and were done prior to any premedications or chemotherapy

*p-value comparing changes in levels from baseline, between the 3 fasting cohorts

**p-value comparing changes from baseline between the 24 h cohort compared to the 48 + 72 h cohorts combined