Table 3.
Multilevel logistic regression modelling
| Null Model | Model 1 Individual-level |
Model 2 School-level |
Full Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
| Individual-level | ||||
| Personal | ||||
| Age | 1.27 (1.25–1.29) | 1.23 (1.21–1.25) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 0.65 (0.62–0.68) | 0.64 (0.61–0.67) | ||
| Pocket money | ||||
| Less than $US 10 | 1 | 1 | ||
| $US 10–20 | 1.22 (1,15–1.28) | 1.22 (1.16–1.29) | ||
| $US 20–40 | 1.39 (1.31–1.47) | 1.40 (1.32–1.48) | ||
| $US 40–100 | 1.68 (1.56–1.80) | 1.69 (1.57–1.82) | ||
| More than $US 100 | 1.69 (1.54–1.86) | 1.69 (1.53–1.85) | ||
| Religious service attendance | ||||
| Never or almost never | 1 | 1 | ||
| Once in a while monthly or yearly | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | ||
| Weekly | 0.79 (0.74–0.83) | 0.79 (0.74–0.84) | ||
| Risk perception on drug use | ||||
| Lowest Q1, Q2, Q3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Highest Q1 | 0.50 (0.48–0.52) | 0.51 (0.48–0.53) | ||
| Family | ||||
| Parental smoking | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.72 (1.65–1.80) | 1.71 (1.64–1.78) | ||
| Family structure: | ||||
| Without both parents | 1 | 1 | ||
| With both parents | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | ||
| Parents know where they are after school | ||||
| They never or almost never know where you are | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sometimes they know | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | ||
| They always or almost always know where you are | 0.55 (0.51–0.60) | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | ||
| Parents know what they do at school | ||||
| Nothing | 1 | 1 | ||
| Some | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | ||
| Very Much | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | ||
| Parents know friends | ||||
| A little | 1 | 1 | ||
| More or less | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | ||
| Very well | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | ||
| Talk about drug with parents | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | ||
| School-level | ||||
| School ethos | ||||
| School Bonding | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | ||
| School Truancy | 1.99 (1.74–2.27) | 1.34 (1.18–1.53) | ||
| School Drug availability perception | 1.76 (1.60–1.95) | 1.23 (1.12–1.36) | ||
| School context | ||||
| Math Test score | 0.997 (0.996–0.998) | 0.997 (0.996–0.998) | ||
| School area | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | ||
| School denomination | ||||
| Non-religious | 1 | 1 | ||
| Religious | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | ||
| School Sex composition | ||||
| Only girls | 1 | 1 | ||
| Co-educational | 0.77 (0.69–0.84) | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | ||
| Only boys | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | ||
| School type (proxy variable of socioeconomic status) | ||||
| Municipal | 1 | 1 | ||
| Subsidized | 1.22 (1.14–1.30) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | ||
| Private | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | ||
| Random Intercept | ||||
| Beta (T00) | 0,29* | 0.34* | 0.34* | 0.29* |
| (Intra-class Correlation) ICC (%) | 8.11 | 3.42 | 3.39 | 2.46 |
| C-statistic (95%CI) | 0.73 (0.73–0.74) | 0.65 (0.64–0.65) | 0.73 (0.72–0.73) |
Note: * p-value < 0.001