Fig. 3.

Tissue localization and expression of Rs-cps in Radopholus similis. a–k Tissue localization of Rs-cps mRNA in R. similis using in situ hybridization. Rs-cps was expressed in the esophageal glands (a, b) and ovaries (d) of females. Rs-cps was expressed in the esophageal glands (f), testes and vas deferens (h) of males. Rs-cps was expressed in eggs (j). c, e, g, i, k no hybridization signal was observed in the control nematodes and eggs that were hybridized with a DIG-labeled sense Rs-cps RNA probe. b bursa; e.g. esophageal glands; mb medium bulb; o ovary; s stylet; sp spicules; vd vas deferens; t testis. l Expression of Rs-cps at different development stages in R. similis. The bars indicate the standard errors of the mean (n = 3), and different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments