FIG. 18.

HS-AFM study of the dynamics of EcoRII-DNA complexes. (A) Individual frames shown every 2.5 s illustrate EcoRII translocation. As the long arm gradually decreases, the loop length gradually increases. (B) The dependence of DNA length on time measured in 0.5 s intervals. As the long arm gradually gets shorter, the loop length gradually increases. The contour lengths of the entire molecule and the short arm have consistent values over the entire timescale. The translocation over the length of 300 base pairs occurs within 10 s [adapted from Suzuki et al, 2011; with permission from Elsevier, Copyright 2015].¹²⁶