Figure 2.

FcRn or pIgR transcription regulation. Serum NE binds with β2AR on B cells and activates PKA–p38 MAPK pathways, which subsequently leads to the release of bound p-p38 MAPK to bind with enhancer in the promoter region of pIgR, and pIgR increase followed (62). When inflammation occurs, lymphocyte homing induced antibodies production in lamina propria; subsequently, microbes bind with epithelial TLRs with MAMPs and activate NFκB; cytokines released in the vicinity of lymphocytes bind to cytokine receptors and activate IRF-1/NFκB-dependent pathways (58); IRF-1/NFκB proteins get into nucleus and trigger the transcription of Igs receptors (63). As a consequence, concentrations of Ig transporting receptors increase.