Table 1.

Examples of Agents That Inhibit Toxins and Secretion Systems

Name	Type	Target	Bacterium	Development Phase	Reference(s)
Shigamab	Monoclonal antibodies	Stx-1, Stx-2	Escherichia coli	Phase 2 clinical trial	[8]
Bezlotoxumab	Monoclonal antibody	Toxin B	Clostridium difficile	Completed phase 3 clinical trial	[9, 10]
MEDI4893	Monoclonal antibody	α-hemolysin	Staphylococcus aureus	Phase 2 clinical trial	[11]
Compounds 1–9	Small molecule	Type 2 secretion	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia pseudomallei	Preclinical (inhibition of bacterial secretion	[12]
Compounds 7086, 7832, 7812	Small molecules	Type 3 secretion	Yersinia pestis	Preclinical (efficacy in cell culture)	[13]
Salicylidene acylhydrazides	Small molecules	Type 3 secretion	Salmonella, Shigella, Chlamydia, Yersinia, Pseudomonas spp	Preclinical (efficacy in mice)	[14]
CHIR-1	Small molecule	Type 4 secretion	Helicobacter pylori	Preclinical (efficacy in mice)	[15]