TABLE 3.
Consumption of heterocyclic amines and breast cancer riska
| All Women
|
Premenopausal
|
Postmenopausal
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)c | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)c | |
| PhIP | ||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 532 | 701 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 191 | 211 | 1.00 (ref) | 321 | 469 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 598 | 702 | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 223 | 269 | 0.97 (0.73–1.27) | 360 | 414 | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) |
| Quintile 3 | 510 | 684 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 203 | 261 | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) | 290 | 395 | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) |
| Quintile 4 | 555 | 719 | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 242 | 290 | 1.05 (0.80–1.38) | 286 | 396 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) |
| Quintile 5 | 491 | 702 | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 207 | 315 | 0.87 (0.63–1.09) | 262 | 349 | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) |
| P for trend | 0.33 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0.31 | ||||||
| DiMeIQx | ||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 581 | 772 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 235 | 269 | 1.00 (ref) | 326 | 472 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 503 | 631 | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 203 | 225 | 1.03 (0.78–1.35) | 278 | 383 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) |
| Quintile 3 | 555 | 690 | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 207 | 270 | 0.91 (0.70–1.19) | 326 | 398 | 1.17 (0.94–1.44) |
| Quintile 4 | 543 | 708 | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 217 | 283 | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 308 | 399 | 1.12 (0.91–1.39) |
| Quintile 5 | 504 | 707 | 0.94 (0.81–1.11) | 1.01 (0.85–1.18) | 204 | 299 | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | 281 | 371 | 1.18 (0.95–1.48) |
| P for trend | 0.44 | 0.89 | 0.22 | 0.07 | ||||||
| MeIQx | ||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 527 | 697 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 221 | 263 | 1.00 (ref) | 287 | 412 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 542 | 707 | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | 230 | 294 | 0.98 (0.75–1.26) | 285 | 389 | 1.06 (0.85–1.33) |
| Quintile 3 | 539 | 701 | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) | 202 | 264 | 0.96 (0.73–1.25) | 323 | 408 | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) |
| Quintile 4 | 548 | 702 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 207 | 270 | 0.95 (0.72–1.24) | 316 | 394 | 1.19 (0.95–1.49) |
| Quintile 5 | 530 | 701 | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 206 | 255 | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 308 | 420 | 1.11 (0.90–1.40) |
| P for trend | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Total mutagenic activity | ||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 547 | 701 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 215 | 246 | 1.00 (ref) | 315 | 435 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 530 | 702 | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 200 | 265 | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | 309 | 417 | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) |
| Quintile 3 | 511 | 702 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 201 | 279 | 0.90 (0.69–1.18) | 287 | 397 | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) |
| Quintile 4 | 580 | 702 | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 1.08 (0.92–1.28) | 250 | 275 | 1.09 (0.83–1.42) | 309 | 390 | 1.14 (0.91–1.41) |
| Quintile 5 | 518 | 701 | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) | 200 | 281 | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 299 | 384 | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) |
| P for trend | 0.45 | 0.51 | 0.92 | 0.12 | ||||||
a
Abbreviations are as follows: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; ref, reference; DiMeIQx, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline’; MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline.
b
Adjusted for age and state of residence.
c
Adjusted for age, state of residence, body mass index, education, alcohol intake, age at menarche, menopausal status (only in analysis for all women), age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, parity, postmenopausal hormone use, multivitamin use, total fruits and vegetables intake, and smoking (smoking status and pack years).