Table 1.
Summary table of rhotic acquisition across languages, compiled by the authors from data supplied in clinically-focused chapters in McLeod, 2007. Note that chapters were not necessarily consistent in depth of phonetic analysis.
| Language | Rhotic described in McLeod (2007) | Described as Late developing |
|---|---|---|
| Jordanian Arabic | r | Yes |
| ʁ | Yes | |
| Lebanese Arabic | r | Yes |
| ɾ | Yes | |
| Dutch | ɾ | Yes |
| General American English | ɹ | Yes |
| English | ɹ | Yes |
| Finnish | r | Yes |
| Filipino | r | Yes |
| French | Uvular variation: R, ʁ, r, ɾ | Yes |
| German | r | Yes |
| ʁ | Yes | |
| Greek | ɾ | Yes |
| Israeli Hebrew | ʁ | Yes |
| Korean | ɾ | Yes |
| Maltese | ɹ | Yes |
| Norwegian | ɾ | Yes |
| ɽ | Yes | |
| Portuguese | ɾ | Yes |
| Putonghua (Modern Standard Chinese) | ɹ | Yes |
| San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec | r | Yes |
| ɾ | Yes | |
| Sesotho | r | Yes |
| Spanish | r | Yes |
| ɾ | Yes | |
| Thai | r | Yes |
| Turkish | ɾ | Yes |
| Welsh | r | Yes |
| r̥h | Yes |