. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 10.

Published in final edited form as: J Psychopharmacol. 2015 Jan 13;29(2):97–115. doi: 10.1177/0269881114563634

Table 1.

The PET imaging studies of striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in schizophrenia

Study	Medication status MN/MF/M/HC	Phenotype	Radiotracer	Findings (standard effect size)
Dao-Castellana et al.1997	2/4/0/7	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	- (0.35)
Demjaha et al. 2012 ^d	0/0/12/12	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.12)
Elkashef et al. 2000	0/9/10/13	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	- (-0.13)
Reith et al.1994	4/1/0/13	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.52)
Hietala et al.1995 ^a	7/0/0/8	FEP	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	- (0.9)
Hietala et al.1999	10/0/0/13	FEP	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.02)
Howes et al. 2009	4/3/0/12	FEP/Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.18)
Howes et al. 2013a ^e	5/8/16/29	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.14)
Kumakara et al. 2007 ^b	3/5/0/15	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	- (0.10)
Lindstrom et al. 1999	10/2/0/10	FEP/Chronic	[¹¹C]-DOPA	↑ (1.01)
McGowan et al. 2004	0/0/16/12	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.55)
Meyer-Lindenberg et al. 2002	0/6/0/6	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	↑ (1.82)
Nozaki et al. 2009 ^c	14/4/0/20	FEP/Chronic	[¹¹C]-DOPA	- (0.13)
Shotbolt et al. 2011	0/0/6/20	Chronic	[¹⁸F]-DOPA	- (NA)

↑ = significantly higher in patient group; ↓ = significantly lower level in patient group; - = no significant difference

[¹¹C]DOPA= L-[β-¹¹C]Dihydroxyphenylalanine; [¹⁸F]-DOPA- 6-[¹⁸F]fluoro-L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

FEP- first episode psychosis; MN- antipsychotic naïve; HC – healthy control; M – currently taking antipsychotic medication; MF- antipsychotic free

Found significant difference between patients and controls found for the putamen but not striatum as a whole.

Found significantly increased [¹⁸F]-DOPA turnover in patients compared to controls.

Found significantly increased uptake in left caudate nucleus but not striatum as a whole.

Synthesis capacity significantly increased in the 12 responders to antipsychotic treatment but not in the treatment resistant patients

Includes 14 patients and 12 controls from McGowan et al. 2004.