Table 4.
The 1H-MRS studies in first episode schizophrenia
| Study | Medication status MN/MF/M/HC | Phenotype | Field strength | Findings: Glu/Gln/Glx | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPFC | Hipp | Tha | BG | ||||
| Aoyama et al. 2011a | 17/0/0/17 | FEP | 4.0T | -/-/na | -/↑/na | ||
| Bartha et al. 1997 | 10/0/0/10 | FEP | 1.5T | -/↑/na | |||
| Bartha et al. 1999 | 11/0/0/11 | FEP | 1.5T | -/-/na | |||
| Bustillo et al. 2010 | 14/0/0/10 | FEP | 4.0T | -/-/na | -/-/na | ||
| de la Fuente Sandoval et al. 2011b | 36/0/0/40 | FEP/UHR | 3.0T | ↑/na/- | |||
| de la Fuente Sandoval et al. 2013 | 24/0/0/18 | FEP | 3.0T | ↑/na/↑ | |||
| Galinska et al. 2009 | 1/0/29/19 | FEP | 1.5T | na/na/- | na/na/- | ||
| Gotoet al. 2012 c | 16/18 | FEP | 3.0T | na/na/↑ | |||
| Olbrich et al. 2008 | 0/0/7/16 | FEP | 2.0T | -/-/na | |||
| Théberge et al. 2002 | 21/0/0/21 | FEP | 4.0T | -/↑/na | -/↑/na | ||
1H-MRS= Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MN- antipsychotic naïve; M – currently taking antipsychotic medication; HC – healthy control;FEP- first episode psychosis
Tha – Thalamus; BG – Basal Ganglia; Hipp – Hippocampus; MPFC – medial prefrontal cortex (including anterior cingulated cortex; Glx – Glutamate+ glutamine; Glu – glutamate; Gln – glutamine
↑ = significantly higher in patient group;v ↓ = significantly lower level in patient group; - = no significant difference; na – not analysed; UHR – Ultra high risk for psychosis
a
12 patients previously reported in Théberge et al. 2002
b
Subjects consist of 18 FEP and 18 UHR
c
The number of medicated vs. unmedicated patients is not clearly described.