Table 5.
The 1H-MRS studies in studies in individuals at increased risk of schizophrenia
| Study | Medication status MN/MF/M/HC | Phenotype | Field Strength | Findings: Glu/Gln/Glx | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPFC | Hipp | Tha | BG | ||||
| Keshavan et al. 2009 | 40/0/0/46 | UHR | 1.5T | na/na/- | na/na/- | na/na/- | |
| Tandon et al. 2008 | 15/0/0/14 | UHR | 3.0T | -/na/- | |||
| Stone et al. 2009 | 19/3/2/27 | UHR | 3.0T | -/↑/- | -/-/- | ↓/-/↓ | |
| Yoo et al. 2009 | 22/0/0/22 | UHR | 1.5T | na/na/- | na/na/- | ||
| Lutkenhoff et al. 2010 | 12/0/0/21 | Twins of Scz patients | 3.0T | ↓/na/na | -/na/na | ||
| Tandon et al. 2013 | 23/0/0/24 | Children of Scz parents | 1.5T | na/na/- | na/na/↑ | na/na/↑ | |
| Tibbo et al. 2004a | 20/0/0/22 | Children of Scz parents | 3.0T | na/na/na | |||
1H-MRS= Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MN- antipsychotic naïve; M – currently taking antipsychotic medication; HC – healthy control; Scz - Schizophrenia
Tha – Thalamus; BG – Basal Ganglia; Hipp – Hippocampus; MPFC – medial prefrontal cortex (including anterior cingulated cortex; Glx – Glutamate+ glutamine; Glu – glutamate; Gln – glutamine
↑ = significantly higher in patient group;v ↓ = significantly lower level in patient group; - = no significant difference; na – not analysed; UHR – Ultra high risk for psychosis
a
Absolute values not reported but significantly increased glu:gln ration in MPFC of high risk group.