Table 3. Association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prevalence of pterygium among representative Korean adults.
| Vitamin D quintiles (ng/mL) | Case/total number | Prevalence | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both gender | 6.5 (0.3) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (<13.0) | 205/3845 | 4.4 (0.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Quintile 2 (13.0–16.3) | 243/3833 | 5.1 (0.4) | 1.17 (0.94–1.47) | 1.20 (0.96–1.52) | 1.20 (0.95–1.22) |
| Quintile 3 (16.3–19.6) | 291/3841 | 6.5 (0.5) | 1.50 (1.20–1.88)* | 1.49 (1.18–1.88)* | 1.39 (1.10–1.75)* |
| Quintile 4 (19.6–24.3) | 366/3841 | 7.8 (0.6) | 1.84 (1.43–2.29)* | 1.58 (1.26–1.98)* | 1.48 (1.17–1.86)* |
| Quintile 5 (>24.3) | 443/3828 | 9.2 (0.6) | 2.20 (1.75–2.77)* | 1.63 (1.29–2.06)* | 1.51 (1.19–1.92)* |
| P for trend | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | |
| Men | 6.8 (0.3) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (<14.3) | 91/1672 | 4.4 (0.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Quintile 2 (14.3–17.7) | 119/1666 | 5.3 (0.6) | 1.21 (0.87–1.70) | 1.23 (0.91–1.81) | 1.17 (0.83–1.66) |
| Quintile 3 (17.7–21.1) | 138/1665 | 6.8 (0.8) | 1.61 (1.14–2.27)* | 1.50 (1.05–2.14)* | 1.51 (1.05–2.19)* |
| Quintile 4 (21.1–25.9) | 186/1667 | 8.6 (0.8) | 2.07 (1.51–2.83)* | 1.78 (1.29–2.45)* | 1.70 (1.21–2.38)* |
| Quintile 5 (>25.9) | 211/1662 | 9.7 (0.9) | 2.35 (1.70–3.25)* | 1.78 (1.28–2.49)* | 1.68 (1.19–2.37)* |
| P for trend | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | |
| Women | 6.3 (0.3) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (<12.2) | 112/2169 | 4.5 (0.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Quintile 2 (12.2–15.2) | 130/2170 | 5.0 (0.5) | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 1.17 (0.84–1.62) | 1.15 (0.82–1.61) |
| Quintile 3 (15.2–18.3) | 144/2172 | 5.7 (0.6) | 1.29 (0.94–1.75) | 1.28 (0.93–1.76) | 1.18 (0.85–1.64) |
| Quintile 4 (18.3–22.7) | 189/2170 | 7.5 (0.7) | 1.71 (1.26–2.31)* | 1.57 (1.15–2.15)* | 1.43 (1.04–1.96)* |
| Quintile 5 (>22.7) | 228/2165 | 8.9 (0.8) | 2.07 (1.54–2.79)* | 1.53 (1.13–2.08)* | 1.37 (1.00–1.88)* |
| P for trend | < .001 | < .001 | .001 | .016 |
Prevalence was expressed as weighted estimates [%] (standard errors [%], 95% confidence intervals).
Model 1: Crude odds ratios. Model 2: adjusted for sex and age. Model 3: adjusted for sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, sunlight exposure time, smoking, and body mass index.
* p < 0.05