Table 2. Description of 20 included studies.

Study author	Study design	Year of publication	Median Duration of follow-up	Country	Setting	Relevant Outcomes examined	ART naïve?	%Male	Median age (years)	Median CD4 (cells/uL) at ART initiation	Median HIV VL (log10 copies/mL) at ART initiation
BAKER [50]	Control arm of ART RCT	2008	5 years	USA	Community, 80 sites	Predictors and clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	Yes	80	39	221	5.0
BATISTA [63]	Established HIV cohort2	2015	7 years	Senegal	HIV care clinic	Frequency and risk factors for DIR, and incidence of OI and death	Yes	35	40	Not reported	Not reported
DRONDA [51]	Prospective cohort study1	2002	3 years	Spain	HIV care clinic	Immunologic and clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	Yes	74	36	196	5.0
ENGSIG [52]	Established HIV cohort2	2010	4.7 years	Denmark	HIV care clinics, 8 sites	Predictors and mortality of patients with DIR	No	78	435	Not reported	Not reported
FALSTER [53]	Established HIV cohort2	2008	5.4 years	Australia	HIV care clinics, number of sites not reported	Prevalence of DIR, and and clinical outcomes	Yes	935	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
GILSON [6]	Established HIV cohort2	2010	3 years	UK	HIV care clinics, 10 sites	Predictors and clinical outcomes	Yes	75	37	170	5
Study author	Study design	Year of publication	Median Duration of follow-up	Country	Setting	Relevant Outcomes examined	ART naïve?	%Male	Median age (years)	Median CD4 (cells/uL) at ART initiation	Median HIV VL (log10 copies/mL) at ART initiation
GRABAR [54]	Established HIV cohort2	2000	18 months	France	HIV care clinics, 68 sites	Clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	No	79	37	150	4.54
GUTERRIEZ [55]	Established HIV cohort2	2008	2.3 years	Spain	HIV care clinics, 10 sites	Predictors and clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	Yes	75	37	160	5.0
HUNT [4]	Prospective cohort study1	2011	2 years	Uganda	HIV care clinic	Mortality according to CD4 account3	Yes	30	34	135	5.1
KAUFMANN [56]	Established HIV cohort2	2004	5 years	Switzerland	HIV care clinics, number of sites not reported	Predictors and clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	Yes	74	38	180	4.9
LOUTFY [57]	Established HIV cohort2	2010	2.7 years	Canada	HIV care clinics, 9 sites	Clinical outcomes of patients with DIR	Yes	83	40	180	5.0
MOORE [7]	Established HIV cohort2	2005	3.7 years	Canada	HIV care clinic	Predictors and mortality in patients with DIR	Yes	775	39	199	Not reported
NAKANJAKO [58]	Prospective cohort study1	2008	1.8 years	Uganda	HIV care clinic	Prevalence of DIR and clinical outcomes	Yes	31	38	98	Not reported
Study author	Study design	Year of publication	Median Duration of follow-up	Country	Setting	Relevant Outcomes examined	ART naïve?	%Male	Median age (years)	Median CD4 (cells/uL) at ART initiation	Median HIV VL (log10 copies/mL) at ART initiation
NICASTRI [61]	Established HIV cohort2	2005	3.7 years	Italy	Hospital, 63 sites	Immunologic and clinical outcomes	No	72	35	185	4.78
PACHECO [59]	Established HIV cohort2	2009	6 years	Spain	Hospital, 10 sites	CD4 count recovery, predictors and mortality in patients with DIR	Yes	325	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
TAKUVA [64]	Prospective cohort study1	2014	2 years	South Africa	HIV care clinic, 1 site	Mortality and AIDS associated with DIR	Yes	36	39	80	Not reported
TAN [8]	Established HIV cohort2	2008	3.2 year	USA	HIV care clinic	Clinical outcomes in patients with DIR	Yes	76	38	213	5.4
TAIWO [62]	Established HIV cohort2	2009	Not reported	USA	HIV care clinics, 4 sites	Clinical outcomes in patients with DIR	No	100	42	Not reported	Not reported
TUBOI [9]	Established HIV cohort2	2010	1 year	Multi-centre4	HIV care clinics, 31 centres	Mortality in patients with DIR	Yes	39	34	100	Not reported
ZOUFALY [10]	Established HIV cohort2	2010	3.8 years	Germany	HIV care clinics, 11 sitess	Predictors and clinical outcomes in patients with DIR	Yes	77	39	80	Not reported

ART = anti-retroviral therapy, cART = combination anti-retroviral therapy, DIR = discordant immune response, VL = Viral load, PI = Protease inhibitor, NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, DDI = didanosine, TDF = tenofovir, LMIC- = Low and middle income countries.

¹ Patients are enrolled specifically for the aims of the current study.

² Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

³Analysis of clinical outcomes in DIR is a secondary analysis in this study.

⁴Includes countries from Africa, South America and Asia.

⁵Not reported for entire cohort therefore median value from optimal immune response group reported.