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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochem J. 2015 Jul 8;470(2):233–242. doi: 10.1042/BJ20150548

Figure 1. R-carvedilol inhibits spontaneous Ca2+ release in HEK293 cells.

Figure 1

(A) Chemical structure of R-carvedilol. (B and C) Stable inducible HEK293 cells expressing the RyR2-R4496C mutant were loaded with 5 μM fura2/AM in KRH buffer. Representative traces of fura 2 ratios in HEK293 cells (∼197–419) perfused with 1 mM extracellular Ca2+ in KRH buffer containing DMSO (B) or various concentrations of R-carvedilol (0, 3, 10 and 30 μM) are shown. (C) Percentage of cells showing spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in cells treated with DMSO (control) or R-carvedilol. Data shown are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–7; * P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 compared with DMSO).