Table 4.

AMMI analysis of 13 cassava genotypes phenotyped in six environments in Uganda

Source of variation	DFa	TCC6b	DMC6c	FRW6d	HI6e
Environment (E)	5	2.82***	4.53*	3.81***	0.02**
Genotype (G)	12	8.40***	26.72***	3.16***	0.03***
GEIf	60	0.41***	0.77**	0.04***	0.04*
IPCA1g	16	1.37***	1.56**	0.10***	0.02**
IPCA2h	14	0.12***	1.27	0.02	0.00
Residual	144	0.03	0.75	0.01	0.00
CVi (%)		4.46	4.68	9.16	5.34
H2j		0.71	0.89	0.68	0.64
%GEI due to IPCA1		88.46	54.43	78.47	58.10
%GEI due to IPCA2		6.87	38.76	12.14	30.99
		TCC9	DMC9	FRW9	HI9
E	5	0.39***	4.99**	7.55***	0.08**
G	12	21.03***	49.47***	36.23***	0.13***
GEI	60	0.23***	2.36***	0.21***	0.11**
IPCA1	16	0.75***	6.40***	0.63***	0.06**
IPCA2	14	0.07	2.21***	0.13*	0.00
Residual	144	0.05	0.68	0.07	0.01
CV (%)		3.97	2.99	6.76	20.24
H2		0.81	0.89	0.74	0.71
%GEI due to IPCA1		85.20	72.32	78.98	78.26
%GEI due to IPCA2		6.91	21.89	14.16	9.32
		TCC12	DMC12	FRW12	HI12
E	5	1.15	11.09**	2.93***	0.15***
G	12	29.37***	33.53***	51.06***	0.26***
GEI	60	0.32***	1.90***	0.37***	0.13**
IPCA1	16	0.75***	4.19***	0.98***	0.08**
IPCA2	14	0.27	1.81	0.29	0.18
Residual	144	0.13	0.83	0.08	0.01
CV (%)		4.84	2.98	5.64	20.37
H2		0.78	0.94	0.71	0.68
%GEI due to IPCA1		61.87	58.89	71.77	89.74
%GEI due to IPCA2		19.51	22.28	18.41	7.94
		TCC15	DMC15	FRW15	HI15
E	5	0.29	40.59***	2.91	0.18***
G	12	28.46***	57.57***	51.46***	0.32***
GEI	60	0.39***	1.11	0.37	0.11***
IPCA1	16	0.82***	2.44**	0.98**	0.03*
IPCA2	14	0.48**	1.38	0.29	0.00
Residual	144	0.17	1.06	0.08	0.01
CV (%)		5.48	3.34	5.63	19.99
H2		0.86	0.91	0.78	0.71
%GEI due to IPCA1		55.37	58.77	71.37	85.43
%GEI due to IPCA2		28.71	29.21	18.56	8.32

^aDegrees of freedom;

^bTotal carotenoid content;

^cDry matter content;

^dFresh root weight;

^eHarvest index;

^fGenotype by environment interaction;

^gInteraction principal component axis 1;

^hInteraction principal component axis 2;

ⁱCoefficient of variation;

^jBroad sense heritability; Numbers after each trait acronym refer to the crop age (MAP) of data collection.

^{*, ** and ***}significant at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively.