Effects of NATA1 on P. syringae growth. Bacterial titers in wild-type Col-0 and nata1 rosette leaves after infiltrating 105 CFU mL−1 culture of DC3000, n = 30 (A); DC3000 and guazatine, n = 20 (B); DC3000 (cor-), n = 22-30 (C); different letters indicate significant differences, P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honest significant difference test. D, Growth of P. syringae in N. benthamiana was measured over 4 d after infiltrating 108 CFU mL−1 into leaves transiently expressing NATA1 or GFP (control) genes from the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. n = 20-30. CFU, colony-forming units. Different letters indicate significant differences, P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honest significant difference test.