Table 4.
Increments (point estimates and 95% confidence intervals) in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels associated with an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 in the adjusted model.
| Analysis | Model | Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | HbA1c (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ma et al. | Unadjusted | 0.24 (0.19,0.30) | 0.07 (0.05,0.10) |
| Adjusted | 0.26 (0.20,0.32) | 0.08 (0.06,0.10) | |
| GBD | Unadjusted | 0.21 (0.15,0.27) | 0.05 (0.02,0.07) |
| Adjusted | 0.22 (0.16,0.28) | 0.05 (0.03,0.08) |
Abbreviations: PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; GBD, 2013 Global Burden of Disease project.
Note: Covariates in the adjusted models include: location of residence (urban or rural), age, sex, educational level (low, medium, high), body mass index, smoking status (current smoker, ex-smoker and non-smoker), pack years for current smokers, drinking (>1/month,<1/month, never), type of heating energy: central heating, clean, unclean ,others; type of cooking energy: clean, unclean, other) and ozone (estimated by the GBD project)