Table 5.

Prevalence ratios of T2DM and increments in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels (and their 95% confidence intervals) associated with an interquartile range (41.1μg/m³) increase in PM_2.5 stratified by potential modifiers.

Variables	Categories	N	PRs	Fasting glucose(mmol/L)	HbA1c (%)
Age	≤Median	6057	1.14 (1.07,1.23)	0.22 (0.14,0.29)	0.06 (0.03,0.09)
	> Median	5766	1.14 (1.07,1.23)	0.30 (0.21,0.40)	0.11 (0.07,0.14)
Sex	Males	5502	1.17 (1.07,1.27)	0.27 (0.18,0.36)	0.08 (0.05,0.12)
	Females	6336	1.14 (1.03,1.20)	0.24 (0.16,0.32)	0.07 (0.04,0.11)
Educational level	Low	8175	1.17 (1.07,1.27)	0.30 (0.19,0.41)	0.08 (0.06,0.11)
	High	3653	1.07 (0.93,1.20)	0.23 (0.14,0.32)	0.07 (0.03,0.11)
BMI	≤Median	7037	1.14 (1.03,1.23)	0.29 (0.21,0.36)	0.07 (0.04,0.10)
	> Median	4810	1.17 (1.07,1.27)	0.22 (0.12,0.32)	0.09 (0.05,0.13)
Smoking status	Yes	3380	1.20 (1.07,1.33)	0.28 (0.18,0.39)	0.06 (0.02,0.10)
	No	8428	1.14 (1.03,1.20)	0.24 (0.17,0.32)	0.09 (0.06,0.12)
Drinking	Yes	3851	1.14 (1.03,1.27)	0.23 (0.13,0.33)	0.08 (0.05,0.12)
	No	7944	1.14 (1.07,1.23)	0.27 (0.15,0.34)	0.08 (0.05,0.11)
Heating energy	Clean	3145	1.07 (0.93,1.20)	0.30 (0.18,0.41)	0.05 (0.01,0.10)
	Unclean	8613	1.17 (1.10,1.23)	0.24 (0.18,0.31)	0.09 (0.06,0.12)
Cooking energy	Clean	5048	1.14 (1.03,1.23)	0.28 (0.19,0.37)	0.06 (0.02,0.09)
	Unclean	6724	1.14 (1.07,1.23)	0.25 (0.17,0.33)	0.10 (0.07,0.13)
Location	Rural	9557	1.17 (1.10,1.23)	0.25 (0.19,0.31)	0.08 (0.01,0.15)
	Urban	2275	1.07 (0.89,1.20)	0.29 (0.11,0.47)	0.08 (0.06,0.10)

Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin, %; PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm; IQR, interquartile range.

Note: Categories for variables were dichotomized: the median of age was 58; the median of BMI was 21.6; educational level (low ≤9years; high ≥10years); heating and cooking energy (clean: electricity, solar power or natural gas; unclean: coal or firewood).