Table 3.
Association between energy-adjusted vegetable protein intake and gallbladder disease, stratified by history of diabetes or recent weight loss
| Subpopulation | n events (%) | Model 1a HR (95% CI) |
Model 2b HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| History of diabetes = no | |||
| Quintile 1 | 2298 (9.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 2085 (8.3) | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) |
| Quintile 3 | 1974 (7.8) | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) |
| Quintile 4 | 1948 (7.8) | 0.86 (0.81–0.92) | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) |
| Quintile 5 | 1793 (7.2) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) |
| Test for trend | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |
| Continuous | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | |
| History of diabetes = yes | |||
| Quintile 1 | 83 (9.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 122 (13.4) | 1.49 (1.12–1.98) | 1.39 (1.02–1.90) |
| Quintile 3 | 87 (9.6) | 1.02 (0.75–1.39) | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) |
| Quintile 4 | 117 (11.2) | 1.20 (0.90–1.59) | 1.08 (0.78–1.47) |
| Quintile 5 | 104 (9.5) | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) |
| Test for trend | P = 0.461 | P = 0.535 | |
| Continuous | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | |
| Recent weight loss > 10%c | |||
| Quintile 1 | 73 (6.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 82 (8.2) | 1.28 (0.93–1.77) | 1.34 (0.94–1.92) |
| Quintile 3 | 58 (6.8) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) |
| Quintile 4 | 69 (7.8) | 1.20 (0.86–1.67) | 1.23 (0.84–1.79) |
| Quintile 5 | 54 (6.6) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | 1.21 (0.82–1.79) |
| Test for trend | P = 0.957 | P = 0.449 | |
| Continuous | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 1.15 (0.92–1.44) | |
| Recent weight loss ≤ 10%/any gainc | |||
| Quintile 1 | 1242 (6.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 1169 (5.8) | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) |
| Quintile 3 | 1152 (5.6) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) |
| Quintile 4 | 1144 (5.5) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) |
| Quintile 5 | 1072 (5.1) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) |
| Test for trend | P < 0.001 | P = 0.009 | |
| Continuous | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | |
a
Model 1 is adjusted for age and total energy (log-transformed)
b
Model 2 is further adjusted for BMI, physical activity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, oral contraceptive use, hormone therapy use, history of liver disease, statin use, thiazide use, alcohol use, and clinical trial arm(s)
c
Weight loss categories are restricted to women within 25% of their baseline weight at year 3 (data outside that range are likely to be errors). Also, outcomes for this analysis are restricted to time points at year 3 or later.