FIG. 1.

(a) Illustration of the tripolar convergency electrode configuration to achieve long-range selective concentration of targets from blood cells. (a-1) Cross-sectional diagram of the biochip construction. (b) Illustration of the hybrid electrokinetic selective concentration mechanism under a long-range asymmetric electric field. (b-1) The long-range ACEO transports the smaller targets along the electrode from outer to inner of the convergency electrode configuration. (c) The setups of electric connections for long-range TEC and (c-1) short-range DEC, respectively.