Table 20:

Summary of Clinical Studies Evaluating the Effectiveness of Vertebral Augmentation for Sacral Vertebral Compression Fractures

Author, Year Country	Report Type	Study Recruitment Period	Patients, N (F, M) Age, Mean ± SD (Range)a	Operator Interventions and Treated Spinal Levels	Study Objectives Follow-Upb
Vertebroplasty for Sacral Vertebral Compression Fractures
Basile et al, 2010153 Italy	Case series	April 2007 to May 2009	8 patients (4 F, 4 M) Primary malignancy Multiple myeloma (n = 8) 57.8 years (47–68)	Interventional radiology VP (S)	Treatment effectiveness of VP in the sacral region Mean 12.5 months (range 3–27)
Botton et al, 2012157 France	Single-site retrospective study	January 2007 to July 2009	42 patients (24 F, 18 M) Primary malignancies Multiple myeloma (n = 15), colon (n = 5), kidney (n = 5), liver (n = 3), lung (n = 2), uterus (n = 2), other (n = 10) Median 59 years (21–81)	Interventional radiology VP (10 long bone, 13 spinal [T or L], 20 pelvis)	Treatment effectiveness of VP Maximum 27 months
Hierholzer et al, 2003158 Germany	Case series	NR	5 patients (2 F, 3 M) Primary malignancies Lung (n = 3), breast (n = 1), colon (n = 1) 63 years (52–76)	Interventional radiology VP at 5 bone lesion sites (acetabulum, ilium, pubis, femur, sacrum)	Treatment effectiveness of VP for various painful bony lesions in the sacrum, ileum, and femur Maximum 24 weeks
Hoffman et al, 2008151 Germany	Single-site retrospective study	2002 to 2005	22 patients (7 F, 15 M) Primary malignancies Multiple myeloma (n = 5), breast (n = 3), lung (n = 4), thyroid (n = 2), renal cell (n = 5), unknown (n = 3) Median 64 years (41–86)	Interventional radiology VP and RFA at 28 lesions (6 pelvis and acetabulum, 2 femur, 1 tibia, 6 thoracic, 10 lumbar, 3 sacrum)	Treatment effectiveness of VP and RFA (RITA) for various painful bony lesions in the vertebrae and other skeletal metastases
Lane et al, 2011152 Canada [earlier Munk et al, 2009159]	Single-site retrospective study	June 2006 to January 2009	36 patients (NR) Primary malignancies Breast (n = 12), lung (n = 5), multiple myeloma (n = 6), prostate (n = 2), renal (n = 2), other (n = 9) 57.6 ± 12.6 years (34–81)	Interventional radiology KP (in only 3 patients, no longer used) or VP and RFA in 34 vertebrae (20 L, 14 T), 14 acetabulae, 3 sacra, 1 pubic symphysis, 1 humerus	Treatment safety and effectiveness of RFA (Cool-tip or Radiotherapeutics) and cementoplasty (VP or KP) for bony metastases
Sun et al, 2012155 China	Case series	2001 to 2010	7 patients (2 F, 5 M) Primary malignancies Lung (n = 3), breast (n = 2), liver (n = 1), kidney (n = 1) 55.7 years (47–64)	Interventional radiology VP at 14 levels (2 T, 5 L, 7 S)	Treatment safety and effectiveness of VP (sarcoplasty) trans-sacroiliac joint approach with 3-D C-arm CT guidance 6 months
Wang et al, 201249 China	Single-site retrospective study	June 2007 to December 2010	92 patients (NR) Primary malignancy Lung cancer (n = 92) 57 years (33–79)	Interventional radiology 283 osteoplasties, in first session (4 C, 134 T, 119 L, 4 S, 12 pelvic, 8 iliac, 2 femoral); 14 patients had both VP and osteoplasty	Treatment effectiveness of osteoplasty for bone metastases to the spine (vertebroplasty) and pelvis (acetabuloplasty) To 3 months; 2 patients died during follow-up
Wee et al, 2008156 United Kingdom	Case reports	2005, 2006	2 patients (2 M) Primary malignancies Renal cell carcinoma (n = 1), multiple myeloma (n = 1) 55-year-old, 66- year-old	Interventional radiology VP at sacral ala	Treatment effectiveness of VP for cases with extensive sacral destruction and no surgical alternatives
Kyphoplasty for Sacral Vertebral Compression Fractures
No studies found

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; F, female; KP, kyphoplasty; L, lumbar; M, male; NR, not reported; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; S, sacral; SD, standard deviation; T, thoracic; VP, vertebroplasty.

^aUnless otherwise indicated.

^bIf reported in study.